If a thermostat is installed backwards, what effect does it have on engine temperature?

When a thermostat is installed backwards, it disrupts the intended flow of coolant through the engine and the radiator. Normally, the thermostat regulates the flow of coolant, allowing for proper heating and cooling of the engine based on temperature. If the thermostat is backwards, it may not open at the correct temperature, which can lead to the engine operating too hot because the coolant may not circulate properly, preventing the engine from reaching its ideal operating temperature. This can result in overheating conditions, which can cause damage to engine components over time. Proper installation of the thermostat is crucial to ensure effective temperature regulation and to prevent overheating.